Sitatapatra

Sitatapatra
File:Buddhist statue in Leh.jpg Statue of 1000 arm Sitātapatrā in Leh, Ladakh
Chinese name
Chinese
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Bái Sǎngài Fúdǐng Wade–Giles Pai2 San3-kai4 Fu2-ting3
Tibetan name
Tibetan	གདུགས་དཀར་མོ།
Transcriptions Wylie gdugs dkar mo
Korean name
Hangul
Transcriptions Revised Romanization sitatapateula
Mongolian name
Mongolian
Japanese name
Kanji
Kana
Tamil name
Tamil
san name
san	सितातपतत्रा (Sitātapatrā)
pli name
pli	Sitātapattā

Sitātapatrā (Sanskrit: "White Parasol") is a protector against supernatural danger in Buddhism. She is venerated in both the Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions. She is also known as Uṣṇīṣa Sitātapatrā. It is believed that Sitātapatrā is a powerful independent deity emanated by Gautama Buddha from his uṣṇīṣa. Whoever practices her mantra will be reborn in Amitābha's pure land of Sukhāvatī as well as gaining protection against supernatural danger and witchcraft.

Name

Her name is composed of sita ("white") and ātapatrā ("parasol" or "umbrella").

Forms

There are several different forms of Sitatapatra including: with one face and two arms; with three faces and six arms; with three faces and eight arms; with three faces and ten arms; with five faces and ten arms; and, with 1000 faces, 1000 arms and 1000 legs.

Mantras

The Śūraṅgama Mantra of the Śūraṅgama Sūtra is the most commonly practiced mantra invoking her. According to Thubten Zopa Rinpoche, the "Great White Umbrella" is a sādhanā for healing illness, dispelling interferences and spirit possession, quelling disasters, and bringing auspiciousness. To do practice in full requires a kriyātantra abhiṣeka of Sitātapatrā.

Symbolism

File:SitatapatraW2.jpg

Sitatapatra

Sitātapatrā is one of the most complex Vajrayana goddesses. According to Miranda Shaw in the Buddhist Goddesses of India, Sitātapatrā emerged from Buddha's uṣṇīṣa when he was in the Trāyastriṃśa heaven. The Buddha announced her role to "cut asunder completely all malignant demons, to cut asunder all the spells of others...to turn aside all enemies and dangers and hatred." Sitātapatrā's benign and beautiful form belies her ferocity as she is a "fierce, terrifying goddess, garlanded by flames, a pulverizer of enemies and demons."

In the Mahayana Sitatapatra Sutra, she is called Aparājita "Undefeatable, Unconquerable" and is also identified as a form of goddess Tārā.

In other sutras, she is regarded as a female counterpart to Avalokiteśvara, the bodhisattva of compassion. Like him, Sitātapatrā manifests in many elaborate forms: having a thousand faces, arms and legs, or simply as a feminine deity of great beauty. Known foremost for her "white parasol" she is most frequently attributed with the "golden wheel". The auspiciousness of the turning of the dharma wheel is symbolic of Buddhism, both in its teachings and realizations.

See also

• List of bodhisattvas

External links

• Buddhist Deity: Sitatapatra ^[archive] - at Himalayan Art Resources