Narendra Modi

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Narendra Damodardas Modi, (Gujarati નરેંદ્ર દામોદરદાસ મોદી, Hindi नरेन्द्र मोदी), born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who is the 14th and current Prime Minister of India, in office since May 2014. He was the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014, and is the Member of Parliament for Varanasi. Modi, a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), is a Hindu nationalist and member of the right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).

Born to a Gujarati family in Vadnagar, Modi helped his father sell tea as a child, and later ran his own stall. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, beginning a long association with the organisation. He left home after graduating from school, partly because of an arranged marriage which he rejected. Modi traveled around India for two years, and visited a number of religious centres. He returned to Gujarat and moved to Ahmedabad in 1969 or 1970. In 1971 he became a full-time worker for the RSS. During the state of emergency imposed across the country in 1975, Modi was forced to go into hiding. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985, and he held several positions within the party hierarchy until 2001, rising to the rank of general secretary.

Modi led the BJP in the 2014 general election, which gave the party a majority in the Lok Sabha, the first time a single party had achieved this since 1984. Modi himself was elected to parliament from Varanasi.

Modi was/is controversial among a section of the mainstream media and his wikipedia article is unsurprisingly biased and includes the usual errors and important omissions.

Bias, errors and omissions on wikipedia[edit]

Like the BJP article, the Narendra Modi article has "Good Article" status at wikipedia, although the article is an attack on Narendra Modi. Both articles were nominated for Good Article by the same admin [archive], who is also responsible for many of the BLP violations [1] [archive] in the article. Check the article history and the talkpages, and the contributions of the user [2] [archive].

Given the fact that Modi is controversial among a section of the mainstream media, it is not surprising that the wikipedia article includes the usual biases, errors and omissions.

Modi is not responsible for the Gujarat riots, nor is his party, but the wikipedia article tries endlessly to smear him and his party for the riots against the facts. On the other hand, the wikipedia editors repsonsible do not shy away from denying that the Godhra train burning was committed by a Muslim mob, and push the accident conspiracy theory popular among Islamic apologists and extremists.

Many other sections in the Narendra Modi also make biased and false claims, including those on economics and ideology.

Some relevant talk page discussions:

Wikipedia editors responsible for the bias and pov include this admin [archive] (who nominated the article for Good Article status), and many more.

Early life and education[edit]

Narendra Modi
Narendra Modi
14th Prime Minister of India
President Pranab Mukherjee
Preceded by Manmohan Singh
Personal details
Born Narendra Damodardas Modi
Political party Bharatiya Janata Party
Residence 7, Lok Kalyan Marg, New Delhi
Modi being fed by his mother
Modi with his mother, Hiraben, on his 63rd birthday on 17 September 2013.

Narendra Modi was born on 17 September 1950 to a family of grocers in Vadnagar, Mehsana district, Bombay State (present-day Gujarat). He was the third of six children born to Damodardas Mulchand Modi (c.1915 - 1989) and Hiraben Modi (born c.1920).[1] Modi's family belonged to the Modh-Ghanchi-Teli (oil-presser) community,[2][3][4] which is categorised as an Other Backward Class by the Indian government.[4][5]

As a child, Modi helped his father sell tea at the Vadnagar railway station, and later ran a tea stall with his brother near a bus terminus.[6][7] Modi completed his higher secondary education in Vadnagar in 1967, where a teacher described him as an average student and a keen debater, with an interest in theatre.[6] Modi had an early gift for rhetoric in debates, and this was noted by his teachers and students.[8] Modi preferred playing larger-than-life characters in theatrical productions, which has influenced his political image.[9][10]

When eight years old, Modi discovered the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), and began attending its local shakhas (training sessions). There, Modi met Lakshmanrao Inamdar, popularly known as Vakil Saheb, who inducted him as a balswayamsevak (junior cadet) for RSS and became his political mentor.[11] While Modi was training with the RSS, he also met Vasant Gajendragadkar and Nathalal Jaghda, Bharatiya Jana Sangh leaders who were founding members of the BJP's Gujarat unit in 1980.[12] Engaged while still a child to Jashodaben Narendrabhai Modi, a girl from a family who lived close by, Modi rejected the arranged marriage at the same time he graduated from high school.[13] The resulting familial tensions contributed to his decision to leave home in 1967.[14]

Modi spent the ensuing two years travelling across Northern and North-eastern India, though few details of where he went have emerged.[15] In interviews, Modi has described visiting Hindu ashrams founded by Swami Vivekananda: the Belur Math near Kolkata, followed by the Advaita Ashrama in Almora and the Ramakrishna Mission in Rajkot. Modi remained only a short time at each, since he lacked the required college education.[16][17][18] Vivekananda has been described as a large influence in Modi's life.[19]

In the early summer of 1968, Modi reached the Belur Math but was turned away, after which Modi wandered through Calcutta, West Bengal and Assam, stopping in Siliguri and Guwahati.[20] Modi then went to the Ramakrishna Ashram in Almora, where he was again rejected, before travelling back to Gujarat via Delhi and Rajasthan in 1968–69.[21] Sometime in late 1969 or early 1970, Modi returned to Vadnagar for a brief visit before leaving again for Ahmedabad.[22] There, Modi lived with his uncle, working in the latter's canteen at the Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation.[23][24]

In Ahmedabad, Modi renewed his acquaintance with Inamdar, who was based at the Hedgewar Bhavan (RSS headquarters) in the city.[25][26][27] After the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he stopped working for his uncle and became a full-time pracharak (campaigner) for the RSS,[24] working under Inamdar.[28] Shortly before the war, Modi took part in a non-violent protest against the Indian government in New Delhi, for which he was arrested; this has been cited as a reason for Inamdar electing to mentor him.[28] Many years later Modi would co-author a biography of Inamdar, published in 2001.[29] In 1978 Modi received a degree in political science after a distance-education course from Delhi University.[30][31] Five years later, in 1982, he received a Master of Arts degree in political science from Gujarat University.[32][33]

Early political career[edit]

In June 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency in India which lasted until 1977. During this period, known as "The Emergency", many of her political opponents were jailed and opposition groups were banned.[34][35] Modi was appointed general secretary of the "Gujarat Lok Sangharsh Samiti", an RSS committee coordinating opposition to the Emergency in Gujarat. Shortly afterwards, the RSS was banned.[36] Modi was forced to go underground in Gujarat and frequently travelled in disguise to avoid arrest. He became involved in printing pamphlets opposing the government, sending them to Delhi and organising demonstrations.[37][38] Modi was also involved with creating a network of safe houses for individuals wanted by the government, and in raising funds for political refugees and activists.[39] During this period, Modi wrote a book in Gujarati, Sangharsh Ma Gujarat (In The Struggles of Gujarat), describing events during the Emergency.[40][41] Among the people he met in this role was trade unionist and socialist activist George Fernandes, as well as several other national political figures.[42] In his travels during the Emergency, Modi was often forced to move in disguise, once dressing as a monk, and once as a Sikh.[39]

Modi became an RSS sambhag pracharak (regional organiser) in 1978, overseeing RSS activities in the areas of Surat and Vadodara, and in 1979 he went to work for the RSS in Delhi, where he was put to work researching and writing the RSS's version of the history of the Emergency.[43] He returned to Gujarat a short while later, and was assigned by the RSS to the BJP in 1985.[12] In 1987 Modi helped organise the BJP's campaign in the Ahmedabad municipal election, which the BJP won comfortably; Modi's planning has been described as the reason for that result by biographers.[44] After L. K. Advani became president of the BJP in 1986, the RSS decided to place its members in important positions within the BJP; Modi's work during the Ahmedabad election led to his selection for this role, and Modi was elected organising secretary of the BJP's Gujarat unit later in 1987.[45]

Modi rose within the party and was named a member of the BJP's National Election Committee in 1990, helping organise L. K. Advani's 1990 Ram Rath Yatra in 1990 and Murli Manohar Joshi's 1991–92 Ekta Yatra (Journey for Unity).[6][46][47] However, he took a brief break from politics in 1992, instead establishing a school in Ahmedabad; friction with Shankersingh Vaghela, a BJP MP from Gujarat at the time, also played a part in this decision.[47] Modi returned to electoral politics in 1994, partly at the insistence of Advani, and as party secretary, Modi's electoral strategy was considered central to the BJP victory in the 1995 state assembly elections.[47][12][48][49] In November of that year Modi was elected BJP national secretary and transferred to New Delhi, where he assumed responsibility for party activities in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.[48][50] The following year, Shankersinh Vaghela, a prominent BJP leader from Gujarat, defected to the Indian National Congress (Congress, INC) after losing his parliamentary seat in the Lok Sabha elections.[6] Modi, on the selection committee for the 1998 Assembly elections in Gujarat, favoured supporters of BJP leader Keshubhai Patel over those supporting Vaghela to end factional division in the party. His strategy was credited as key to the BJP winning an overall majority in the 1998 elections,[48][51] and Modi was promoted to BJP general secretary (organisation) in May of that year.[52]

Chief Minister of Gujarat[edit]

Taking office[edit]

Modi flanked by three other men at a table
Modi and his cabinet ministers at a Planning Commission meeting in New Delhi, 2013.

In 2001, Keshubhai Patel's health was failing and the BJP lost a few state assembly seats in by-elections. Allegations of abuse of power, corruption and poor administration were made, and Patel's standing had been damaged by his administration's handling of the earthquake in Bhuj in 2001.[48][53][54] The BJP national leadership sought a new candidate for the chief ministership, and Modi, who had expressed misgivings about Patel's administration, was chosen as a replacement.[6] Although BJP leader L. K. Advani did not want to ostracise Patel and was concerned about Modi's lack of experience in government, Modi declined an offer to be Patel's deputy chief minister, telling Advani and Atal Bihari Vajpayee that he was "going to be fully responsible for Gujarat or not at all". On 3 October 2001 he replaced Patel as Chief Minister of Gujarat, with the responsibility of preparing the BJP for the December 2002 elections.[55] On 7 October 2001, Modi was administered the oath of office.[56] On 24 February 2002 he entered the Gujarat state legislature by winning a by-election to the Rajkot – II constituency, defeating Ashwin Mehta of the INC by 14,728 votes, which enabled him to take office.[57]

Godhra train burning attack and 2002 Gujarat riots[edit]

On 27 February 2002, a train with several hundred passengers burned near Godhra, killing approximately 60 people.[lower-alpha 1] The train carried a large number of Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya after a religious ceremony at the site of the demolished Babri Masjid.[60][61] In making a public statement after the incident, Modi said that the attack had been terror attack planned by local Muslims.[62][60][63] The next day, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad called for a bandh across the state.[64][65] Riots began during the bandh, and anti-Muslim violence spread through Gujarat.[60][64][65] The government's decision to move the bodies of the train victims from Godhra to Ahmedabad further inflamed the violence.[60][66] The state government stated later that 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus were killed.[67] Independent sources put the death toll at over 2000.[60][68] Approximately 150,000 people were driven to refugee camps.[69] Numerous women and children were among the victims; the violence included mass rapes and mutilations of women.[70]

The wikipedia article on Narendra Modi tries hard to make the false claim that Modi is responsible for the riots, by using selective and biased (as well as outdated) sources and omitting more recent and neutral sources. It also falsely tries to hide the fact that the 60 Hindus (many women and children) were burned by a Muslim mob, and makes the false claim that it was an accident and not a planned attack.

2002 election[edit]

Modi and former Prime Minister Vajpayee looking at a blue-covered report
Modi with Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 2002.

In the aftermath of the violence there were widespread calls for Modi to resign as chief minister from within and outside the state, including from leaders of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Telugu Desam Party (allies in the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance coalition), and opposition parties stalled Parliament over the issue.[71] Modi submitted his resignation at the April 2002 BJP national executive meeting in Goa, but it was not accepted.[72] His cabinet had an emergency meeting on 19 July 2002, after which it offered its resignation to the Gujarat Governor S. S. Bhandari, and the state assembly was dissolved.[73][74] Despite opposition from the election commissioner, who said that a number of voters were still displaced, Modi succeeded in advancing the election to December 2002.[75] In the elections, the BJP won 127 seats in the 182-member assembly.[76] Although Modi later denied it, he made significant use of anti-Muslim rhetoric during his campaign,[77][78][79][80] and the BJP profited from religious polarisation among the voters.[75] Modi hired the public relations firm APCO Worldwide to manage his image.[75] He won the Maninagar constituency, receiving 1,13,589 of 1,54,981 votes and defeating INC candidate Yatin Oza by 75,333 votes.[81] On 22 December 2002, Bhandari swore Modi in for a second term.[82] Modi framed the criticism of his government for human rights violations as an attack upon Gujarati pride, a strategy which led to the BJP winning two-thirds of the seats in the state assembly.[83][77]

Second term[edit]

During Modi's second term the rhetoric of the government shifted from Hindutva to Gujarat's economic development.[53][83][77] Modi curtailed the influence of Sangh Parivar organisations such as the Bharatiya Kisan Sangh (BKS) and the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP),[84] entrenched in the state after the decline of Ahmedabad's textile industry,[53] and dropped Gordhan Zadafia (an ally of former Sangh co-worker and VHP state chief Praveen Togadia) from his cabinet. When the BKS staged a farmers' demonstration Modi ordered their eviction from state-provided houses, and his decision to demolish 200 illegal temples in Gandhinagar deepened the rift with the VHP.[84][85] Sangh organisations were no longer consulted or informed in advance about Modi's administrative decisions.[84] Nonetheless, Modi retained connections with some Hindu nationalists. Modi wrote a forward to a textbook by Dinanath Batra released in 2014, which stated that ancient India possessed technologies including test-tube babies.[86][87]

Modi's relationship with Muslims continued to attract criticism. Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee (who asked Modi for tolerance in the aftermath of the 2002 Gujarat violence and supported his resignation as chief minister)[88][89] distanced himself, reaching out to North Indian Muslims before the 2004 Lok Sabha elections. After the elections Vajpayee called the violence in Gujarat a reason for the BJP's electoral defeat and said it had been a mistake to leave Modi in office after the riots.[90][91]

Questions about Modi's relationship with Muslims were also raised by many Western nations during his tenure as chief minister. Modi was barred from entering the United States under a provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act banning violators of religious freedom,[92] the only person denied a US visa under this provision.[93] The UK and the European Union refused to admit him because of what they saw as his role in the riots. As Modi rose to prominence in India, the UK[94] and the EU[95] lifted their bans in October 2012 and March 2013, respectively, and after his election as prime minister he was invited to Washington.[96][97]

During the run-up to the 2007 assembly elections and the 2009 general election, the BJP intensified its rhetoric on terrorism.[98] In July 2006, Modi criticised Prime Minister Manmohan Singh " for his reluctance to revive anti-terror legislation" such as the 2002 Prevention of Terrorism Act. He asked the national government to allow states to invoke tougher laws in the wake of the 2006 Mumbai train bombings.[99] In 2007 Modi authored Karmayog, a 101-page booklet discussing manual scavenging. In it, Modi argued that scavenging was a "spiritual experience" for Dalits.[100][101][102] However, this book was not circulated that time because of the election code of conduct.[103] After the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, Modi held a meeting to discuss the security of Gujarat's 1,600-kilometre (990 mi)-long coastline, resulting in government authorisation of 30 high-speed surveillance boats.[104] In July 2007 Modi completed 2,063 consecutive days as chief minister of Gujarat, making him the longest-serving holder of that post,[105] and the BJP won 122 of 182 state-assembly seats in that year's election.[106]

Development projects[edit]

File:Sardar Sarovar Dam 2006, India.jpg
The Sardar Sarovar Dam during a 2006 height increase.

As Chief Minister, Modi favoured privatisation and small government, which was at odds with the philosophy of the RSS, usually described as anti-privatisation and anti-globalisation. His policies during his second term have been credited with reducing corruption in the state. He established financial and technology parks in Gujarat and during the 2007 Vibrant Gujarat summit, real-estate investment deals worth 6.6 trillion were signed.[53]

The governments led by Patel and Modi supported NGOs and communities in the creation of groundwater-conservation projects. By December 2008, 500,000 structures had been built, of which 113,738 were check dams, which helped recharge the aquifers beneath them.[107] Sixty of the 112 tehsils which had depleted the water table in 2004 had regained their normal groundwater levels by 2010.[108] As a result, the state's production of genetically modified cotton increased to become the largest in India.[107] The boom in cotton production and its semi-arid land use[109] led to Gujarat's agricultural sector growing at an average rate of 9.6 percent from 2001 to 2007.[110] Public irrigation measures in central and southern Gujarat, such as the Sardar Sarovar Dam, were less successful. The Sardar Sarovar project only irrigated 4–6% of the area intended.[107] Nonetheless, from 2001 to 2010 Gujarat recorded an agricultural growth rate of 10.97 percent – the highest of any state.[109] However, sociologists have pointed out that the growth rate under the 1992–97 INC government was 12.9 percent.[111] In 2008 Modi offered land in Gujarat to Tata Motors to set up a plant manufacturing the Nano after a popular agitation had forced the company to move out of West Bengal. Several other companies followed the Tata's to Gujarat.[112]

The Modi government finished the process of bringing electricity to every village in Gujarat that its predecessor had almost completed.[111] Modi significantly changed the state's system of power distribution, greatly impacting farmers. Gujarat expanded the Jyotigram Yojana scheme, in which agricultural electricity was separated from other rural electricity; the agricultural electricity was rationed to fit scheduled irrigation demands, reducing its cost. Although early protests by farmers ended when those who benefited found that their electricity supply had stabilised,[107] according to an assessment study corporations and large farmers benefited from the policy at the expense of small farmers and labourers.[113]

Final years[edit]

Modi talking to a woman; both are seated.
Modi with Anandiben Patel at a meeting of BJP MLAs after his election as prime minister; Patel succeeded him as Gujarat chief minister.

During the 2012 campaign, Modi attempted to identify himself with the state of Gujarat, a strategy similar to that used by Indira Gandhi during the Emergency, and projected himself as protecting Gujarat against persecution by the rest of India.[77]

Despite the BJP's shift away from explicit Hindutva, Modi's election campaign in 2007 and 2012 contained elements of Hindu nationalism. Modi only attended Hindu religious ceremonies, and had prominent associations with Hindu religious leaders. During his 2012 campaign he twice refused to wear articles of clothing gifted by Muslim leaders.[77] He did, however, maintain relations with Dawoodi Bohra.[77] His campaign included references to issues known to cause religious polarisation, including to Afzal Guru and the killing of Sohrabuddin Sheikh. The BJP did not nominate any Muslim candidates for the assembly election of 2012.[77] He had published a Gujarati book titled Jyotipunj in 2008, containing profiles of various RSS leaders. The longest was of M. S. Golwalkar, under whose leadership the RSS expanded and whom Modi refers to as Pujniya Shri Guruji ("Guru worthy of worship").[114] According to The Economic Times, his intention was to explain the workings of the RSS to his readers and to reassure RSS members that he remained ideologically aligned with them. Modi authored eight other books, mostly containing short stories for children.[115]

While campaigning for the 2012 assembly elections, Modi made extensive use of holograms and other technologies allowing him to reach a large number of people,[75] something he would repeat in the 2014 general election. In the 2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly elections, Modi won the constituency of Maninagar by 86,373 votes over Shweta Bhatt, the INC candidate and wife of Sanjiv Bhatt.[116] The BJP won 115 of the 182 seats, continuing its majority during his tenure[117] and allowing the party to form the government (as it had in Gujarat since 1995).[118] In later by-elections the BJP won four more assembly seats and two Lok Sabha seats held by the INC, although Modi did not campaign for its candidates.[119] In 2013, the Wharton India Economic Forum (WIEF) at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania cancelled a keynote video-conference speech by Modi following protests by Indian-Americans.[120] After his election as prime minister, Modi resigned as the chief minister and as an MLA from Maninagar on 21 May 2014. Anandiben Patel succeeded him as the chief minister.[121]

2014 Indian general election[edit]

Modi addressing a large crowd from a podium
Modi addressing a rally in Meerut during the 2014 general election campaign.

In September 2013 Modi was named the BJP's candidate for prime minister in the 2014 Lok Sabha election.[122][123] Several BJP leaders expressed opposition to Modi's candidature,[124] including BJP founding member L. K. Advani, who cited concern with leaders who were "concerned with their personal agendas".[125] Modi played a dominant role in the BJP's election campaign.[126][127] Several people who voted for the BJP stated that if Modi had not been the prime-ministerial candidate, they would have voted for another party.[128][122][128][129] The focus on Modi as an individual was unusual for a BJP election campaign.[124][130] The election was described as a referendum on Narendra Modi.[131]

During the campaign, Modi focused on the corruption scandals under the previous INC government, and played on his image as a politician who had created a high rate of GDP growth in Gujarat.[131][124] Modi projected himself as a person who could bring about "development," without focus on any specific policies.[124] His message found support among young Indians and among middle-class citizens.[131] The BJP under Modi was able to downplay concerns about the protection of religious minorities and Modi's commitment to secularism, areas in which he had previously received criticism.[131] Prior to the election Modi's image in the media had centered around his role in the 2002 Gujarat riots, but during the campaign the BJP was able to shift this to a focus on Modi's neoliberal ideology and the Gujarat model of development.[127] Although the BJP avoided issues of Hindu nationalism to an extent, Hindutva remained a significant part of its campaign.[124][128][132] The BJP's campaign was assisted by its wide influence in the media.[133] Modi's campaign blitz cost approximately 50 billion (US$780 million),[131] and received extensive financial support from corporate donors.[133] In addition to more conventional campaign methods, Modi made extensive use of social media,[131][124] and addressed more than 1000 rallies via hologram appearances.[132]

The BJP won 31% of the vote,[134] and more than doubled its tally in the Lok Sabha to 282, becoming the first party to win a majority of seats on its own since 1984.[127][128] Voter dissatisfaction with the INC, as well as with regional parties in North India, was another reason for the success of the BJP,[128] as was the support from the RSS.[124] In states such as Uttar Pradesh in which the BJP performed well, it drew exceptionally high support from upper-caste Hindus, although the 10 percent of Muslim votes won was more than it had won before. It performed particularly well in parts of the country that had recently experienced violence between Hindus and Muslims.[128] The magnitude of the BJP's victory led many commentators to say that the election constituted a political realignment away from progressive parties and towards the right-wing.[131][128][135][136] Modi's tweet announcing his victory was described as being emblematic of the political realignment away from a secular, socialist state towards capitalism and Hindu cultural nationalism.[137]

Modi himself was a candidate for the Lok Sabha in two constituencies: Varanasi and Vadodara.[138] He won in both constituencies, defeating Aam Aadmi Party leader Arvind Kejriwal in Varanasi and Madhusudan Mistry of the INC in Vadodara by 570,128 votes.[139] Modi, who was unanimously elected leader of the BJP, was appointed prime minister by India's president.[140][141] To comply with the law that an MP cannot represent more than one constituency, he vacated the Vadodara seat.[142]

Prime Minister[edit]

Modi reading from a paper into a bank of microphones
Modi (far right) being sworn in as Prime Minister, in the presence of President Pranab Mukherjee (far left), 2014.

Modi was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014 at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. He became the first Prime Minister born after India's independence from the British Empire.[143] His first cabinet consisted of 45 ministers, 25 fewer than the previous United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government.[144] 21 new ministers were added to the council of ministers in November 2014.[145]

Economic policies[edit]

The economic policies of Modi's government focused on privatisation and liberalisation of the economy, based on a neoliberal framework.[145][146] Modi liberalised India's foreign direct investment policies, allowing more foreign investment in several industries, including in defence and the railways.[145][147][148] Other reforms included removing many of the country's labour laws, to make it harder for workers to form unions and easier for employers to hire and fire them. These reforms met with support from institutions such as the World Bank, but opposition from scholars within the country. The labour laws also drew strong opposition from unions: on 2 September 2015, eleven of the country's largest unions went on strike, including one affiliated with the BJP.[146] The Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh, a constituent of the Sangh Parivar, stated that the reforms would hurt labourers by making it easier for corporations to exploit them.[145] In his first budget, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley promised to gradually reduce the budgetary deficit from 4.1 percent to 3 percent over two years, and to divest from shares in public banks.[145] Over Modi's first year in office, the Indian GDP grew at a rate of 7.5 percent, making it the world's fastest-growing large economy.[146]

The funds dedicated to poverty reduction programmes and social welfare measures were greatly decreased by the Modi administration.[87] The money spent on social programmes declined from 14.6% of GDP during the Congress government to 12.6% during Modi's first year in office.[145] Spending on health and family welfare declined by 15%, and on primary and secondary education by 16%.[145] The budgetary allocation for the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, or the "education for all" programme, declined by 22%.[145] The government also lowered corporate taxes, abolished the wealth tax, and reduced customs duties on gold, jewelry, and increased sales taxes.[145] In October 2014, the Modi government deregulated diesel prices,[149] and later increased taxes on diesel and petrol.[145]

File:Narendra Modi launches Make in India.jpg
Modi at the launch of the Make in India programme.

In September 2014, Modi introduced the Make in India initiative to encourage foreign companies to manufacture products in India, with the goal of turning the country into a global manufacturing hub.[145][150] Supporters of economic liberalisation supported the initiative, while critics argued it would allow foreign corporations to capture a greater share of the Indian market.[145] In order to enable the construction of private industrial corridors, the Modi administration passed a land-reform bill that allowed it to acquire private agricultural land without conducting a social impact assessment, and without the consent of the farmers who owned it.[151] Under the previous bill, the government had required the consent of 80% of the owners of a piece of property before acquiring it for a private project: this requirement was waived.[152] The bill was passed via an executive order after it faced opposition in parliament, but was eventually allowed to lapse.[152]

On 25 June 2015, Modi launched a programme intended to develop 100 smart cities.[153] The "Smart Cities" programme is expected to bring Information Technology companies an extra benefit of 20 billion (US$310 million).[154] In June 2015, Modi launched the "Housing for All By 2022" project, which intends to eliminate slums in India by building about 20 million affordable homes for India's urban poor.[155]

In his first cabinet decision, Modi set up a team to investigate black money.[156] On 9 November 2016, the government demonetised ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes, with the stated intention of curbing corruption, black money, the use of counterfeit currency, and terrorism.[157] The move led to widespread protests throughout the country, including one by opposition parties, which stalled the winter session of parliament.[158] In the days following the demonetisation, banks across the country faced severe cash shortages,[159][160][161] which had detrimental effects on a number of small businesses, on agriculture, and on transportation. People seeking to exchange their notes had lengthy waits, and several deaths were linked to the rush to exchange cash.[162][163] Following Modi's announcement, the Indian stock indices BSE SENSEX and NIFTY 50 declined steeply.[164]

Health and sanitation policies[edit]

File:PM Modi participates in Shramdaan as part of Swachhta Abhiyan at Assi Ghat, Varanasi.jpg
Modi participates in the cleanliness drive in his constituency of Varanasi.

In his first year as prime minister, Modi reduced the amount of money spent by the government on healthcare.[165] The Modi government launched a "New Health Policy" in January 2015, although this did not increase the government's spending on healthcare, instead emphasizing the role of private healthcare organisations. This represented a shift away from the policy of the previous Congress government, which had supported programmes to assist public health goals, including reducing child and maternal mortality rates.[166] The National Health Mission, which included public health programmes targeted at these indices received nearly 25% less funds in 2015 than in the previous year. 15 national health programmes, including those aimed at controlling tobacco use and supporting healthcare for the elderly, were merged with the National Health Mission, and received less funds than in previous years. Modi initially appointed Harsh Vardhan, a doctor and an advocate of tobacco control, as minister of health. However, Vardhan was removed in November 2015.[166] The government introduced stricter packaging laws for tobacco which requires 85% of the packet size to be covered by pictorial warnings.[167] In its budget for the second year after it took office, the Modi government reduced healthcare spending by 15%.[166] Modi has generally emphasised his government's efforts at sanitation as a means of ensuring good health. An article in the medical journal Lancet stated that the country "might have taken a few steps back in public health" under Modi.[166]

On 2 October 2014, Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ("Clean India") campaign. The stated goals of the campaign included eliminating open defecation and manual scavenging.[168][169] The plan was to achieve these aims in five years.[169] As part of the programme, the Indian government began constructing millions of toilets in rural areas and encouraging people to use them.[170][171][172] The government also announced plans to build new sewage treatment plants.[173] The administration plans to construct 60 million toilets by 2019. The construction projects have faced allegations of corruption, and have faced severe difficulty in getting people to use the toilets constructed for them.[169][170][171]

Foreign policy[edit]

File:BRICS leaders meet on the sidelines of 2016 G20 Summit in China.jpg
Modi with other BRICS leaders in 2016. Left to right: Temer, Modi, Xi, Putin and Zuma.
File:Modi-Obama.jpg
Prime Minister Modi with President Barack Obama of the US, 2015

Foreign policy played a relatively small role in Modi's election campaign, and did not feature prominently in the BJP's election manifesto.[174] Modi invited all the other leaders of SAARC countries to his swearing in ceremony as prime minister.[175][176] He was the first Indian prime minister to do so.[177]

Modi's foreign policy, similarly to that of the preceding INC government, focused on improving economic ties, security, and regional relations.[174] Modi continued Manmohan Singh's policy of "multialignment."[178] The Modi administration tried to attract foreign investment in the Indian economy from several sources, especially in East Asia, with the use of slogans such as "Make in India" and "Digital India".[178] As a part of this policy, the Modi government completed India's application to join the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, which is led by China and Russia. (SCO).[178] The government also tried to improve relations with Islamic nations in the Middle East, such as Bahrain, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, as well as with Israel.[178] Modi added five bilateral strategic partnerships to the 25 that had been agreed by his predecessors Singh and Vajpayee.[178]

During the first few months after the election, Modi made trips to a number of different countries to further the goals of his policy, and attended the BRICS, ASEAN, and G20 summits.[174] One of Modi's first visits as prime minister was to Nepal, during which he promised a billion USD in aid.[179] Modi also made several overtures to the United States, including multiple visits to that country.[176] While this was described as an unexpected development, due to the US having previously denied Modi a travel visa over his role during the 2002 Gujarat riots, it was also expected to strengthen diplomatic and trade relations between the two countries.[176] As of July 2016, Modi had made 51 trips to 42 countries with the intent of strengthening diplomatic relations.[180][181]

In 2015, the Indian parliament ratified a land exchange deal with Bangladesh about the India–Bangladesh enclaves, which had been initiated by the government of Manmohan Singh.[152] Modi's administration gave renewed attention to India's "Look East Policy", instituted in 1991. The policy was renamed the "Act East Policy", and involved directing Indian foreign policy towards East Asia and Southeast Asia.[178][182] The government signed agreements to improve land connectivity with Myanmar, through the state of Manipur. This represented a break with India's historic engagement with Myanmar, which prioritised border security over trade.[182]

Defence policy[edit]

The BJP election manifesto had also promised to deal with illegal immigration into India in the Northeast, as well as to be more firm in its handling of insurgent groups. During the election campaign, Modi said that he would be willing to accommodate Hindu migrants who were being persecuted in Bangladesh, but those that came with "political objectives" would have to be sent back. The Modi government issued a notification allowing Hindu, Sikh, and Buddhist illegal immigrants from Pakistan and Bangladesh to legalise their residency in India. The government described the measure as being taken for humanitarian reasons but it drew criticism from several Assamese organisations.[183]

Modi continued the previous INC administration's policy of increasing military spending every year, announcing an increase of 11% in the military budget in 2015.[184][185] This increase was larger than the average growth under the Congress.[184]

The Modi administration negotiated a peace agreement with the largest faction of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCM), which was announced in August 2015. The Naga insurgency in northwest India had begun in the 1950s.[183][186] The NSCM and the government had agreed to a ceasefire in 1997, but a peace accord had not previously been signed.[186] In 2015 the government abrogated a 15-year ceasefire with the Khaplang faction of the NSCM (NSCM-K). The NSCM-K responded with a series of attacks, which killed 18 people.[183] The Modi government carried out a raid across the border with Myanmar as a result, and labelled the NSCM-K a terrorist organisation.[183]

Modi has repeatedly stated that Pakistan was an exporter of terrorism.[187][188] On 29 September 2016, the Indian Army stated that it had conducted a surgical strike on terror launchpads in Azad Kashmir,[189] although Pakistan denied the claim, and the details of the confrontation are still in dispute.[190][191]

Environmental policies[edit]

File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi at India Pavilion in Paris during COP21 (23193999974).jpg
Modi(right) at CoP21 Climate Conference, in Paris, announcing the founding of an International Solar Alliance (ISA). November 2015.

In naming his cabinet, Modi renamed the "Ministry of Environment and Forests" the "Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change."[192] In the first budget of the government, the money allotted to this ministry was reduced by more than 50%.[192] The new ministry also removed or diluted a number of laws related to environmental protection. These included no longer requiring clearance from the National Board for Wildlife for projects close to protected areas, and allowing certain projects to proceed before environmental clearance was received.[145][192] The government also tried to reconstitute the Wildlife board such that it no longer had representatives from non-governmental organisations: however, this move was prevented by the Supreme Court.[192]

Modi also relaxed or abolished a number of other environmental regulations, particularly those related to industrial activity. A government committee stated that the existing system only served to create corruption, and that the government should instead rely on the owners of industries to voluntarily inform the government about the pollution they were creating.[145][193] Other changes included reducing ministry oversight on small mining projects, and no longer requiring approval from tribal councils for projects inside forested areas.[193] In addition, Modi lifted a moratorium on new industrial activity in the most polluted areas in the countries.[192] The changes were welcomed by businesspeople, but criticised by environmentalists.[193]

Under the UPA government that preceded Modi's administration, field trials of Genetically Modified (GM) crops had essentially been put on hold, after protests from farmers fearing for their livelihoods.[194] Under the Modi government these restrictions were gradually lifted.[194] The government received some criticism for freezing the bank accounts of environmental group Greenpeace, citing financial irregularities, although a leaked government report said that the freeze had to do with Greenpeace's opposition to GM crops.[194]

Governance and other initiatives[edit]

File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Chief Ministers in December 2014.jpg
Modi at the consultation meeting on replacing the Planning Commission with Chief Ministers of various states.

Modi's first year as prime minister saw significant centralisation of power relative to previous administrations.[87][195] Modi's efforts at centralisation have been linked to an increase in the number of senior administration officials resigning their positions.[87] Although the government has a majority of seats in the Lok Sabha, it does not have one in the Rajya Sabha, which led to its policies frequently being stymied there. Thus, Modi resorted to passing a number of ordinances to enact his policies, leading to further centralisation of power.[152] The government also passed a bill increasing the control that it had over the appointment of judges, and reducing that of the judiciary.[134]

On 31 December 2014, Modi announced that the Planning Commission had been scrapped. It was replaced with a body called the National Institution for Transforming India, or NITI Aayog.[196][197] The Planning Commission was a legacy of the Indian Independence movement, although critics said that it was slowing economic growth.[198] The move had the effect of greatly centralising the power previously with the planning commission in the person of the prime minister.[145][152][196][197][198] It also reduced the extent of control individual states had over their financial allocation from the union government,[197][198] and unlike the planning commission, it does not have the power to allocate funds.[197] The planning commission had received heavy criticism in previous years for creating inefficiency in the government, and of not filling its role of improving social welfare: however, since the economic liberalisation of the 1990s, it had been the major government body responsible for measures related to social justice.[197]

The Modi government launched a crackdown against a number of civil society organisations. Several tens of thousands of organisations were investigated by the Intelligence Bureau in the first year of the administration, on the grounds that they were slowing economic growth. International humanitarian aid organisation Medecins Sans Frontieres was among the groups that were put under pressure.[87] Other organisations affected included the Sierra Club and Avaaz.[145] Cases of sedition were filed against individuals criticising the government.[87] This led to discontent within the BJP regarding Modi's style of functioning and drew comparisons to the governing style of Indira Gandhi.[87][152]

Modi repealed 1,159 obsolete laws in first two years as prime minister, against a total of 1,301 such laws repealed by previous governments over a span of 64 years.[199][200] He started a monthly radio programme titled "Mann ki Baat" on 3 October 2014.[201] Modi also launched the Digital India programme, which has the goal of ensuring that government services are available electronically, building infrastructure to provide high-speed Internet access to rural areas, boosting manufacturing of electronic goods in the country, and promoting digital literacy.[202][203]

Personal life and image[edit]

In accordance with Ghanchi tradition, Modi's marriage was arranged by his parents when he was a child. He was engaged at age 13 to Jashodaben, marrying her when he was 18. They spent little time together and grew apart when Modi began two years of travel, including visits to Hindu ashrams.[6][204] Reportedly, their marriage was never consummated, and he kept it a secret because otherwise he could not have become a 'pracharak' in the puritan Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh.[205][30] Although Modi kept his marriage secret for most of his career, he acknowledged his wife when he filed his nomination for a parliamentary seat in the 2014 general elections.[206][207] Modi maintains a close relationship with his mother, Hiraben and often visits her on his birthday to seek her blessings.[208]

A vegetarian,[209] Modi has a frugal lifestyle and is a workaholic and introvert.[210] Adept at using social media, he has been since September 2014 the second-most-followed leader in the world (with over 25.8 million followers on Twitter as of December 2016), behind only Barack Obama.[211][212] Modi's 31 August 2012 post on Google Hangouts made him the first Indian politician to interact with netizens on live chat.[213][214] Modi has also been called a fashion-icon for his signature crisply ironed, half-sleeved kurta, as well as for a suit with his name embroidered repeatedly in the pinstripes that he wore during a state visit by US President Barack Obama, which drew public and media attention and criticism.[215][216][217] Modi's personality has been variously described by scholars and biographers as energetic, arrogant, and charismatic.[134][218]

The nomination of Modi for the prime ministership drew attention to his reputation as "one of contemporary India's most controversial and divisive politicians."[131][219][220][221] During the 2014 election campaign the BJP projected an image of Modi as a strong, masculine leader, who would be able to take difficult decisions.[131][124][122][128][222] Campaigns in which he has participated have focused on Modi as an individual, in a manner unusual for the BJP and RSS.[124] Modi has relied upon his reputation as a politician able to bring about economic growth and "development".[223] Nonetheless, his role in the 2002 Gujarat riots continues to attract criticism and controversy.[224] Modi's hardline Hindutva philosophy and the policies adopted by his government continue to draw criticism, and have been seen as evidence of a majoritarian and exclusionary social agenda.[224][124][134][87]

As prime minister, Modi has received consistently high approval ratings; at the end of his first year in office, he received an overall approval rating of 87% in a Pew Research poll, with 68% of people rating him "very favorably" and 93% approving of his government.[225] His approval rating remained largely consistent at around 74% through his second year in office, according to a nationwide poll conducted by instaVaani.[226] At the end of his second year in office, an updated Pew Research poll showed Modi continued to receive high overall approval ratings of 81%, with 57% of those polled rating him "very favorably."[227][228]

Awards and recognition[edit]

Modi was named Best Chief Minister in a 2007 nationwide survey by India Today.[229] In March 2012, he appeared on the cover of the Asian edition of Time, one of the few Indian politicians to have done so,[230] He was awarded Indian of the Year by CNN-IBN news network in 2014.[231] In 2014 and 2015, he was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the World.[232][233] He was also declared winner of the Time magazine reader's poll for Person of the Year in 2014, a feat which he repeated again in 2016.[234][235] Forbes Magazine ranked him the 15th-Most-Powerful Person in the World in 2014 and the 9th-Most-Powerful Person in the World in 2015 and 2016.[236][237][238][239] In 2015, Modi was one of Time's "30 Most Influential People on the Internet" as the second-most-followed politician on Twitter and Facebook.[240] In the same year he was ranked fifth on Fortune Magazine's first annual list of "World's Greatest Leaders".[241][242]

Bias on wikipedia[edit]

Both the Narendra Modi and the BJP article are "Good Articles" at wikipedia. They have been nominated (by the same user) as "Good Articles", even though both have a strong anti-BJP, anti-Modi point of view.

Both articles are at the top of search engine results. However, the "Good Article" status gives these articles the (false) appearance of being neutral, unbiased and factually accurate.

At these articles, there were a few currently a reassessment discussion with not enough participation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_article_reassessment/Narendra_Modi/1 [archive]

These two articles (Narendra Modi and BJP), as well as the article on the Godhra train burning and on the 2002 Gujarat riots suffer from the same problems. These issues have been discussed at wikipedia many times, relevant discussion is on these articles talk pages and talkpage archives.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Narendra_Modi [archive] (+ talk page archives) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bharatiya_Janata_Party [archive] (+ talk page archives) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Godhra_train_burning [archive] (+ talk page archives) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:2002_Gujarat_riots [archive] (+ talk page archives)

Just one example of an issue, a lot of the anti-BJP and anti-Modi point of view is sourced to a book of Martha Nussbaum. That source is however not as unbiased and scholarly as they pretend it is.

Extremely biased sections :[3] [archive]

Hindupost reported : OpIndia had highlighted that edits had been made to PM Modi’s Wiki page by 7-8 anonymous editors to insinuate that democracy was in ‘decline’ under his watch. [243]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

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  1. The exact number of people killed in the train burning is variously reported. For example, the BBC says it was 59,[58] while The Guardian put the figure at 60.[59]

Citations[edit]

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  43. Marino 2014, pp. 45–48.
  44. Marino 2014, pp. 54–57.
  45. Marino 2014, pp. 56–59.
  46. Mukhopadhyay 2013, pp. 68–69.
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Quotes[edit]

Modi election campaign speech, 2002[edit]

Modi election campaign speech, published in Sanjh Times, 19 February 2002; Cited in: Madhu Purnima Kishwar "Modi’s First Election from Rajkot in February 2002 [archive]". Chapter 8. Modi, Muslims and Media—Voices from Narendra Modi's Gujarat, on manushi.in. Accessed 27 April 2014.

  • I've not come to defeat or to put down anyone... I've come to win the hearts of the people of Rajkot. People should recognize the character of Congressmen who deprive people of Rajkot of water.
  • I am not the ruler of Gujarat, I'm a servant of Gujarat. The environment in which I grew up, sewa is treated as a dharma, not power.
  • In my entire life there has been no occasion when I had to beg anyone for anything. This is the first time in my life that in Rajkot I have the occasion to ask for votes. I assure the people of Rajkot that I will return with interest whatever the people of Rajkot give me.
  • [...] there are many opportunities for development in Rajkot. There are numerous avenues for growth in the domain of education. After the Gujarat earthquake we have decided to develop earthquake management system in Gujarat. One of the departments connected with that work will be set up in Rajkot. I want that Rajkot should become a shiksha dham [centre of education] and a centre of hope for the people of this region. Rajkot has the distinction of being considered the foremost city of Saurashtra.
  • Please ask Congressmen whether their candidates are in favour of running illegal butcher houses? Do they want to protect the hapless animals or the butchers?


  • But to say a word in appreciation of governance reforms in Gujarat, or to credit Modi for having given Gujarat its first ever riot-free 12 years since independence, is to commit political hara-kiri – one is forever tainted with the colours of fascism. This intellectual terror created by the anti-Modi brigade pushed me to find out for myself the reason behind this obsessive anxiety about Modi.
    • Madhu Purnima Kishwar: Modi, Muslims and Media. Voices from Narendra Modi’s Gujarat, Manushi Publications, Delhi 2014. p 13
  • Since then Modi has kept a tight leash on the issue. (…) Modi did not allow any retaliatory violence when Ahmedabad and Surat were targeted with serial bomb blasts by jehadis, killing 56 and injuring 200 people.”
    • Madhu Purnima Kishwar: Modi, Muslims and Media. Voices from Narendra Modi’s Gujarat, Manushi Publications, Delhi 2014. (p.262)
  • Maulana Vastanvi was forced to resign as vice chancellor of Deoband University simply because he shared the thought that Gujarati Muslims had benefited from the inclusive development policies of Modi’s government. Shahid Siddiqui, the editor of the Urdu daily, Nai Duniya, faced severe attack and abuse and was expelled from the Samajwadi Party for simply doing an interview with Modi in which Modi defends himself against various charges, [even though the questioning was] in no way soft.
    • Madhu Purnima Kishwar: Modi, Muslims and Media. Voices from Narendra Modi’s Gujarat, Manushi Publications, Delhi 2014. (p.16)
  • [Here is an illustrative example how] every word that Modi uttered following the Godhra incident was twisted and distorted by the well-oiled misinformation machinery set up by the Congress and the Left.”
    • Madhu Purnima Kishwar: Modi, Muslims and Media. Voices from Narendra Modi’s Gujarat, Manushi Publications, Delhi 2014. (p.287)
  • Modi told me the last straw for him with regard to NDTV was when one of their correspondents Vijay Trivedi, accompanied him in a helicopter for an interview. When he started asking the same old insulting questions, Modi simply kept quiet and refused to respond any further. Piqued at being ignored, Trivedi spread the canard that Modi nearly threw him out of the helicopter mid-air because he had asked "tough questions". Modi says on that day he decided never to give legitimacy to NDTV by giving them an interview or responding to any questions from them. Vijay Trivedi treats this incident as a badge of honour and has boasted about it on numerous occasions—in writing.
  • Does anyone remember who the chief minister of Maharashtra was during Mumbai riots which were no less deadly than the Gujarat riots of 2002? Does anyone recall the name of the chief minister of UP during Malliana and Meerut riots or Bihar CM when the Bhagalpur or Jamshedpur riots under Congress regimes took place? Do we hear the names of earlier chief ministers of Gujarat under whose charge hundreds of riots took place in post-Independence India? Some of these riots were far more deadly than the 2002 outburst. The state used to explode into violence every second month? Does anyone remember who was in-charge of Delhi’s security when the 1984 massacre of Sikhs took place in the capital of India How come Narendra Modi has been singled out as Devil Incarnate as if he personally carried out all the killings during the riots of 2002?”
    • Salim Khan, quoted in : Madhu Purnima Kishwar: Modi, Muslims and Media. Voices from Narendra Modi’s Gujarat, Manushi Publications, Delhi 2014. Ch. 1
  • After this question I finally let out the Djinn of Godhra which has been disturbing me from past eight years and Mr. Modi as well, on whose mind Godhra has been looming for a long time. Mr. Modi paused for a little while and then started explaining to me in detail the events which happened on that day and thereafter. Such was his minute detailed explanation that I felt being transported to Godhra and Gujarat of those times. He gave a detailed description about government action on rioters, curfews which were imposed in Gujarat as soon as riots were started, the police action on rioters and many more things. He even compared the Godhra riots with the Anti-Sikh riots of 1984 and talked about the difference between the actions taken by the government in both the cases as soon as the killing started. Along with it, Mr. Modi even emphasi[s]ed on the fact that in Gujarat, peace was restored in most of the places within 72 hours of riots while in 1984 riots, nothing was done in the first three days, which caused dangerous losses to the minority community involved. Then Mr. Modi described the actions took by him, like dispatching immediate orders to reserve police for taking strict actions against the erring people, strongly dealing with casualties and finally providing for rehabilitation.
  • Towards the end, I asked him if he wanted to give any message to the youth of the country. Mr. Modi replied, "Read, read the truth. Go back and read whatever is available and then judge me. Support me only if you think I am right. You can shake someone from a slumber of ignorance by telling him the truth. You can discuss the conversation we had with your friends and share the experience, and then shape you own viewpoint. India needs youth power. And make India stronger. Never manipulate things. Try to serve the society. Awaken your community. Always try to see things with your own eyes and judge them accordingly."
  • Whatever the reasons behind dubbing Modi an international pariah and the subject of a diplomatic boycott involving both the US and the European Union member states, one conclusion was inescapable: it was a brazen attempt to pronounce judgment on the internal affairs of a sovereign country. Modi, after all, hadn’t been held guilty [of] "mass murder" by an Indian criminal court. Indeed, there were no charges against him then or subsequently. Yes, the Gujarat leader had been pilloried mercilessly by both his political opponents and the human rights lobby that has formidable international links. A political aversion to Modi was translated into the diplomatic censure of a man who held a [c]onstitutional position. It was a step too far and one that didn't lend itself to an easy U-turn.
  • Modi told me the last straw for him with regard to NDTV was when one of their correspondents Vijay Trivedi, accompanied him in a helicopter for an interview. When he started asking the same old insulting questions, Modi simply kept quiet and refused to respond any further. Piqued at being ignored, Trivedi spread the canard that Modi nearly threw him out of the helicopter mid-air because he had asked "tough questions". Modi says on that day he decided never to give legitimacy to NDTV by giving them an interview or responding to any questions from them. Vijay Trivedi treats this incident as a badge of honour and has boasted about it on numerous occasions—in writing.

Further reading[edit]

  • Madhu Kishwar, Modi, Muslims and Media: Voices from Narandra Modi's Gujarat (Manushi Publications, 2014). ISBN 978-81-929352-0-1.[1] [4] [archive]
  • Gujarat after Godhra: real violence, selective outrage, Ramesh N. Rao, Koenraad Elst, Har Anand Publications, 2003 - 248 pages
  • MD Deshpande, The Gujarat Riots
  • Nicole Elfi: Godhra: the True Story

External links[edit]

Official

Articles:

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