Hindu Temples: What Happened to Them
Author | Sita Ram Goel Arun Shourie Harsh Narain Jay Dubashi Ram Swarup |
---|---|
Country | India |
Language | English |
Subject | Hinduism |
Genre | Non-fiction |
Publication date | 1991 |
ISBN | 81-85990-49-2 (Volume 1) ISBN 81-85990-03-4 (Volume 2) |
OCLC | 41002522 [archive] |
LC Class | DS422.C64 H562 1998 |
Hindu Temples – What Happened to Them is a two-volume book by Sita Ram Goel, Arun Shourie, Harsh Narain, Jay Dubashi and Ram Swarup. The first volume was published in the Spring of 1990.
The first volume includes a list of 2,000 mosques that were built on Hindu temples, based primarily on the books of Muslim historians of the period or inscriptions found on mosques. The second volume excerpts from medieval histories and chronicles and from inscriptions concerning the destruction of Hindu, Jain and Buddhist temples. The authors claim that the material presented in the book as "the tip of an iceberg".
The book contains chapters about the Ayodhya debate. The appendix of the first volume contains a list of temple-destructions and atrocities that the authors claim took place in Bangladesh in 1989. The book also criticizes Marxist historians, and one of the appendices of the second volume includes a questionnaire for "Marxist professors", one of which the authors sent to well-known Indian historian Romila Thapar.
In August 1990, while releasing the book "Hindu Temples – What Happened To Them", Bharatiya Janta Party leader L. K. Advani chided Goel for using "strong language".[1] There were proposals in November 1990 in Uttar Pradesh to ban the book.[2]
Reviews
Koenraad Elst's book Negationism in India – Concealing the Record of Islam contains a lengthy review of the book. Koenraad Elst claimed that "None of the negationist historians has come forward with a reply or with the announcement that a mistake has been discovered in Mr. Goel's list of monuments of Islamic fanaticism. Manini Chatterjee, reviewer for The Telegraph, could do no more than calling it a "very bad book".[3] And Elst further claimed: "Of the hundreds of secularist historians who have signed statements denouncing "communal history distortion", not a single one has been able to challenge even one of the 2000 claims in the list."[4]
Koenraad Elst claimed that "None of the negationist historians has come forward with a reply or with the announcement that a mistake has been discovered in Mr. Goel's list of monuments of Islamic fanaticism. Manini Chatterjee, reviewer for The Telegraph, could do no more than calling it a "very bad book". Very bad for the negationists, indeed." [1] [archive] And Elst further claimed: "Of the hundreds of secularist historians who have signed statements denouncing "communal history distortion", not a single one has been able to challenge even one of the 2000 claims in the list." [2] [archive]
Cynthia Talbot in 1995 claimed that Goel's list of destroyed temples is "greatly inflated", but also called for a systematic and unbiased study of the subject, without which it is very difficult to gauge the extent of damage wrought on Indian temples.[5] Cynthia Talbot noted that in the decades after 1565, temple desecration were on the rise in Andhra Pradesh, which is in accord with the dates of temple destructed provided by Goel's list (in Goel's chapter "Let the Mute Witness speak"). Reflecting on Goel's list, Talbot states: "Five date from the fourteenth century (phase one), six come from phase two, and nineteen date from 1565 to 1650 CE (phase three). The remaining thirty or so cases stem from the century after 1650, with a notable bunching of incidents in the late 1600s, when the Mughal empire was absorbing the former Qutb Shahi kingdom of Golconda."[6]
Manini Chatterjee, in a review in the Calcutta Telegraph, called Goel's book a "very bad book".[7] Richard Eaton also criticized the book.[8] Eaton discussed one of the cases in Goel's list of destroyed temples: "an inscription dated 1455, found over the doorway of a tomb-shrine in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh" which mentions "the destruction of a Hindu temple by one Abdullah Shah Changal during the reign of Bhoja, a renowned Paramara king who had ruled over the region from 1010 to 1053". Eaton says that the inscription is "hardly contemporary" and "presents a richly textured legend elaborated over many generations of oral transmission until 1455". He acknowledges that "Goel does, however, consider it more likely that the event took place during the reign of Raja Bhoja II in the late thirteenth century rather than during that of Raja Bhoja I in the eleventh century." Richard Eaton thinks that "we cannot know with certainty" if the temple destruction did take place, which substantiates Elst's charge of negationism against certain scholars.[9] Eaton also claimed that Goel has used "selective translations of premodem Persian chronicles, together with a selective use of epigraphic data".[10] According to Vimal Yogi Tiwari, such an historical assessment as in Goel's book "Hindu Temples" has by and large been missing in India.[11]
Goel's book also includes an exchange of comments between Romila Thapar and Goel.[12] Romila Thapar has criticized Goel, claiming that he does not understand how to use historical sources, without actually refuting any of the facts presented by Goel.[13]
In August 1990 while releasing the book "Hindu Temples - What Happened To Them", Bharatiya Janta Party leader L. K. Advani chided Goel for using strong language.[14] Cynthia Talbot believes that Goel's list of destroyed temples is "greatly inflated", but also calls for a systematic and unbiased study of the subject, without which it is very difficult to gauge the extent of damage wrought on Indian temples. [15] Cynthia Talbot noted that in the decades after 1565 temple desecration were on the rise in Andhra Pradesh, which is in accord with the dates in Goel's list of temple destructions (in Goel's chapter "Let the Mute Witness speak"). Reflecting on Goel's list, she says: "Five date from the fourteenth century (phase one), six come from phase two, and nineteen date from 1565 to 1650 CE (phase three). The remaining thirty or so cases stem from the century after 1650, with a notable bunching of incidents in the late 1600s, when the Mughal empire was absorbing the former Qutb Shahi Kingdom of Golkonda."[16]
Koenraad Elst's book Negationism in India - Concealing the Record of Islam contains a lengthy review of the book. Koenraad Elst wrote on this book that "None of the negationist historians has come forward with a reply or with the announcement that a mistake has been discovered in Mr. Goel's list of monuments of Islamic fanaticism. Manini Chatterjee, reviewer for The Telegraph, could do no more than calling it a "very bad book". Very bad for the negationists, indeed." [3] [archive]
Koenraad Elst has also claimed: "Of the hundreds of secularist historians who have signed statements denouncing "communal history distortion", not a single one has been able to challenge even one of the 2000 claims in the list." [4] [archive]
In August 1990 while releasing the book "Hindu Temples - What Happened To Them", Bharatiya Janta Party leader L. K. Advani chided Goel for using strong language.[17] There were proposals in November 1990 in Uttar Pradesh to ban the book. [5] [archive].
Contents Volume 1
- Contents
- Second Preface
- First Preface
- I
- 1. Hideaway Communalism
- 2. The Tip of An Iceberg
- 3. Some Historical Questions
- 4. In the Name of Religion
- 5. A Need to Face the Truth
- 6. Let the Mute Witnesses Speak
- 7. Destruction of temples in Bangladesh
- II
- 8. Rama-Janmabhumi Temple Muslim Testimony
- 9. Ram Janmabhoomi : some more evidence
- 10. The Ayodhya debate
- 11. Summary of the Ram Janmabhoomi evidence
- 12. Takeover from the experts
- 13. Not impartial (B.B. Lal)
- III
- 14. In the name of history
- 15. Visakha, Saketa or Ajudhya (Alexander Cunnigham)
- 16. Party line history writing
- 17. Historians Versus History
- 18. History of India putting the record straight
- 19. What the invaders really did
- November 9 Will Change History
- From Shilanyas to Berlin Wall
- Appendix
- The VHP evidence bundle, its rebuttal of the BMAC argumentation, a press brief, and some articles generally supporting the VHP viewpoint, have been published as History versus Casuistry, Evidence of the Ramajanmabhoomi Mandir presented by the Vishva Hindu Parishad to the Government of India in December-January 1990-91, Voice of India, Delhi 199 1. Most of it was also included in Sita Ram Goel: Hindu Temples, vol. 1, at least in its 2nd edition, Voice of India, Delhi 1998. The BMAC evidence bundle has not been published. elst Ayodhya: The Case Against the Temple,chapter 11
Contents Volume 2
- Preface
- Section I
- THE TIP OF AN ICEBERG
- 1. The Dispute at Sidhpur
- 2. The Story of Rudramahãlaya
- 3. Muslim Response to Hindu Protection
- Section II
- SUPPRESSIO VERI SUGGESTIO FAWI
- 4. The Marxist Historians
- 5. Spreading the Big Lie
- Section III
- FROM THE HORSE’S MOUTH
- 6. The Epigraphic Evidence
- 7. The Literary Evidence
- 8. Summing up
- Section IV
- ISLAMIC THEOLOGY OF ICONOCLASM
- 9. Theology of Monotheism
- 10. The Pre-Islamic Arabs
- 11. Religion of Pagan Arabia
- 12. Monotheism Spreads to Arabia
- 13. Meaning of Monotheism
- 14. The Bible Appears in Arabic
- 15. Muhammad and the Meccans
- 16. The Prophet Destroys Pagan Temples
- Section V
- APPENDICES
- 1. Muslim Dynasties in India’s History
- 2. Was the Ka‘ba a Šiva Temple?
- 3. Meaning of the Word “Hindu”
- 4. Questionnaire for the Marxist Professors 408
- Bibliography
6. The Epigraphic Evidence
1. Delhi
2. Vijapur
3. Chittaurgarh
4. Manvi
5. Dhar
6. Malan
7. Amod
8. Narwar
9. Jaunpur
10. Ghoda
11. Poonamalle
12. Udayagiri
13. Bodhan
14. Mathura
15. Gwalior
16. Akot
17. Bidar
18. Siruguppa
19. Cuddapah
20. Surat
21. Cumbum
7. The Literary Evidence
1 Futûhu’l-Buldãn Al-Baladhuri
3 Al-Biruni Tãrîkhu'l-Hind
13 Nizãmu’t-Tawãrîkh
17 Nuh Siphir
18 Siyaru’l-Auliyã‘ (Moinuddin Chishti)
21 Masãlik’ul Absãr fi Mamãlik’ul Amsãr
26 Inshã-i-Mãhrû
30 Tãrîkh-i-Muhammadî
33 Bãbur-Nãma
34 Siyaru’l-‘Ãrifîn
37 Wãqi‘ãt-i-Mushtãqî
38 Tãrîkh-i-Alfî
39 Burhãn-i-Ma‘sir
42 Shash Fath-i-Kãñgrã
43 Tãrîkh-i-Da‘ûdî
44 Zafaru’l-Wãlih Bi Muzaffar Wa Ãlîhi
45 Zubdatu’t-Tawãrîkh
49 Mir‘ãt-i-Sikandarî
50 Intikhãb-i-Jahãngîr Shãbî
51 Tazkirãtu’I-Mulûk
53 Mir‘ãt-i-Mas‘ûdî
54 Siyar al-Aqtãb
55 Bãdshãh-Nãma
57 Mir‘ãt-i-‘Ãlam
58 ‘Ãlamgîr-Nãma
59 Mã‘sîr-i-‘Ãlamgîrî
60 Akhbãrãt
61 Fathiyya-i-‘Ibriyya
62 Kalimãt-i-Tayyibãt
63 Ganj-i-Arshadî
64 Kalimãt-i-Aurangzeb
65 Muraq‘ãt-i-Abu’I Hasan
66 Futûhãt-i-‘Ãlamgîrî
67 Nau-Bahãr-i-Murshid Qulî-Khãnî
68 Kanzu’l-Mahfûz
70 Mir’at-i-Ahmadî
71 Tãrîkh-i-Ibrãhîm Khãn
72 Tãrîkh-i-Husain Shãhî
73 Nishãn-i-Haidarî
75 Bahãr-i‘Ãzam
77 Hadiqah-i-Shuhadã
78 Muraqqa‘-i-Khusrawî
79 Wãqi‘ãt-i-Mamalakat-i-Bîjãpur
80 Mosque Architecture of Pre-Mughal Bengal
Partial Bibliography, Vol II
Agrawala, V.S., Masterpieces of Mathura Sculpture [archive], Varanasi, 1965.
Ahmad, Qeyamuddin (ed.), Patna through the Ages, New Delhi, 1988.
Alberuni’s India, translated by E.C. Sachau, New Delhi Reprint, 1983 [7] [archive] [8] [archive] [9] [archive] [10] [archive] [11] [archive]
Annual Report of Indian Epigraphy, 1953-54, 1963-M, 1964-65, 1978-79 and 1980-81, New Delhi.[12] [archive] [13] [archive]
Archaeological Survey of India Annual Report, 1906-07 and 1911-12, New Delhi Reprint, 1990. [14] [archive]
Four Reports Made During the Years 1862-63-64-65 by Alexander Cunningham, Varanasi Reprint, 1972. [15] [archive] [16] [archive] [17] [archive] [18] [archive]
Arunachalam, M., The Kalabharas in the Pantiya Country and their impact on the Life and Letters there, Madras, 1979. [19] [archive] [20] [archive] [21] [archive]
Bãbur-Nãma (Memoirs of Bãbur), translated from the original Turki text of Zahiru’d-dîn MuHammad Bãbur Pãdshãh Ghãzî by Annette Susannah Beveridge, Vols. I and II, New Delhi Reprint, 1979. [22] [archive]
Bloch, J. (ed.), Indian Studies, Volume in Honour of Edward James Rapson, London, 1931, Delhi Reprint, 1988.
Butterworth, Allen, and Chetty, Venugopaul V., Copper-plate and Stone Inscriptions of South India, Delhi Reprint, 1989.
The Chachnãmah, translated into English by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg, Delhi Reprint, 1979.
Chuvin, Pierre, A Chronicle of the Last Pagans, Harvard, 1990. (borrow at IA) [archive]
Currie, P.M., The Shrine and Cult of Mu‘in al-Dîn Chishtî of Ajmer, OUP, 1989.
David, M.D. (ed.), Western Colonialism in Asia and Christianity, Bombay, 1988.
Durrant., Will, The Story of Civilization, Vol. I, Our Oriental Heritage, New York, 1972.
Dwivedi, Girish Chandra, The Jats: Their Role in the Mughal Empire, New Delhi, 1979. jatland [archive]
Eaton, Richard Maxwell, Sufis of Bijapur 1300-1700, Princeton, 1978. borrow [archive]
Elliot and Dowson, History of India as told by its own Historians, 8 Volumes, Allahabad Reprint, 1964.
The Encyclopaedia Americana, Vol. XXIV, New York, 1952. [23] [archive]
Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. I, Third Impression, Edinburgh, 1955. [24] [archive]
Epigraphia Indica Vol. I (1892). Vol. III (1894-95). Vol. IV (1900-01). Vol. XIII (1915-16). Vol. XIV (1917-18). Vol. XVII (1920-21). Vol. XXIV (1937-38), New Delhi Reprint, 1982. Vol. XXXII (1957-58). Vol. XXXIII (1959-60). Appendix Volume to Vols. XIX-XXIII. [25] [archive] [26] [archive] [27] [archive]
Epigraphia Indica - Arabic and Persian Supplement 1959-61, 1962-63 and 1964-65, New Delhi Reprint, 1987. 1962 [archive] 1969 [archive] 1969, New Delhi, 1973. 1974, New Delhi, 1981. 2011 [archive]
Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica, 1907-12, 1913-20, 1921-30, 1931-36 ans 1937-50, New Delhi Reprint, 1987. 1921 [archive]
Eschmann, Anncharllote et al., The Cult of Jagannath and the Regional Traditions in Orissa, second printing, New Delhi, 1981. borrow [archive]
First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1931-1936, 9 Volumes, Leiden Reprint, 1987. [28] [archive]
Fourth Annual Report of the Minorities’ Commission, New Delhi, 1983.
Futûhãt-i-Ãlamgîrî of Ishwardas Nagar, translated into English by Tanseem Ahmad, Delhi, 1978. [29] [archive]
Gardner, Rev. James, Faiths of the World, 2 Volumes, New Delhi Reprint, 1986. [30] [archive]
Gibbon, Edward, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. III, Modern Library Edition, New York, n.d. [31] [archive]
Gillaume, A., The Life of Muhammad, A translation of Ibn Ishãq’s Sîrat Rasûl Allãh, OUP, Eighth Impression, Karachi, 1987.[32] [archive]
Glasse, Cyril, The Concise Encyclopaedia of Islam, London, 1987. [33] [archive]
Growse, F.S., Mathura: A District Memoir, third edition (1883) reprinted from Ahmedabad, 1978 [34] [archive] [35] [archive][36] [archive][37] [archive][38] [archive]
Habib, Mohammad (ed.), A Comprehensive History of India, Vol. V, The Delhi Sultanat, First Reprint, New Delhi, 1982.
Harsh Naraian, Myths of Composite Culture and Equality of Religions, New Delhi, 1991.
Hasan, Syed Mahmudul, Mosque Architecture of Pre-Mughal Bengal, Decca, 1979. [39] [archive] [40] [archive]
Heyerdahl, Thor, The Maladive Mystery, Bethesda (Maryland, USA), 1986 borrow [archive]
History of the Rise and Fall of the Mahomedan Power in India, translated from the original Persian of Mahomed Kasim Ferishta, 4 Volumes, New Delhi Reprint, 1981.1 [archive] 1-4 [archive]
Hosain, Saiyid Safdar, The Early History of Islam, Vol. I, Delhi Reprint, 1985. [41] [archive]
Hughes, Thoman Patrick, Dictionary of Islam, New Delhi Reprint, 1976.
Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series, Madras, Vol. I, New Delhi Reprint, 1985. [42] [archive][43] [archive] [44] [archive] [45] [archive] [46] [archive] [47] [archive]
Indian Antiquary, Vol. VIII, (June, 1879). Indian Antiquary, Vol. LVIII, (May, 1929).[48] [archive] [49] [archive][50] [archive]
Indian Archaeology 1979-80 - A Review, New Delhi, 1983.
Indian Archaeology 1980-81 - A Review, New Delhi, 1983.[51] [archive][52] [archive] [53] [archive]
Ishwar Sharan, The Myth of St. Thomas and the Mylapore Shiva Temple, New Delhi, 1991.
Johnson, Paul, A History of Christianity, Penguin Books, 1978.[54] [archive]
KãnhaDade Prabandha of Padmanãbha, text with translation into Gujarati by Kantilal Baldevram Vyas, 2 Volumes, Bombay, 1977.
(Al) Khalifa, Shaikha Haya Ali and Rice, Michael (ed.), Bahrain through the Ages, the Archaeology, London, 1986.
Kitãb Futûh Al-Buldãn of al-Biladhuri, translated into English by F.C. Murgotte, New York, 1924.[55] [archive][56] [archive]
Lal, K.S., History of the Khaljis, Revised edition, New Delhi, 1980.
Ling, Martin, Muhammad, Rochester (Vermont, USA), 1983.[57] [archive]
Lokesh Chandra et. al. (ed.), India’s Contribution to World Thought and Culture: A Vivekananda Commemoration Volume, Madras, 1970.[58] [archive]
Luders, Heinrich, Mathura Inscriptions, Gottingen (Germany), 1961.
Maãsir-i-‘Ãlamgiri of Sãqi Must’ad Khan, translated into English and annotated by Sir Jadu-Nath Sarkar, Calcutta, 1947.
Majumdar, R.C. (ed.), The History and Culture of the Indian People
Volume IV: The Age of Imperial Kanauj, Third edition, Bombay, 1984. Volume V: The Struggle for Empire, Third edition, Bombay, 1976. Volume VI: The Delhi Sultanate, Bombay, 1960. Volume VII: The Mughal Empire, Bombay, 1974.
Makkê Madînê dî Goshatî, edited by Dr. Kulwant Singh, Patiala, 1988.
Malik, Brigadier S.K., The Quranic Concept of War, New Delhi Reprint, 1986.
Margoliouth, D.S., Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, New Delhi Reprint, 1985.
The Meaning of the Glorious Qur’ãn, text, translation and commentary by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, 2 Volumes, third edition, Cairo, 1938.[59] [archive]
Mirat-i-Ahmadi of Ali Muhammad Khan, translated into English by M.F. Lokhandwala, Baroda, 1965. [60] [archive] [61] [archive]
Mirati Sikandari or The Mirror of Sikandar by Sikandar, the son of Muhammad alias Manjhu Gujarati, translated by Fazlullah Lutfullah Faridi, Gurgaon Reprint, 1990.[62] [archive]
Mirza, Mohammad Wahid, The Life and Works of Amir Khusrau, Delhi Reprint, 1974.[63] [archive]
Misra, Ram Gopal, Indian Resistance to Early Muslim Invaders upto AD 1206, Meerut City, 1983.
Muñhatã NaiNasîrî Khyãta, edited by Badrîprasãda Sãkariyã. Vol. 1, second edition, Jodhpur, 1984.
Muntakhãbu-t-Tawãrikh by ‘Abdul-l-Qãdir ibn-i-Mulûk Shãh known as Al-Badãonî, translated from the original Persian and edited by George S.A. Ranking, 3 Volumes, Patna Reprint, 1973.[64] [archive][65] [archive][66] [archive][67] [archive][68] [archive][69] [archive]
Muraqqah-i-Khusrawi of Shykh Azmat Ali Kakorwi Nami, cited by Harsh Narain, ‘Rama-Janmabhumi Temple: Muslim Testimony’, Indian Express, February 26, 1990.
Nagarch, B.L., ‘Recent Archaeological Discoveries from Rudramahãlaya and Jãmi Masjid, Sidhpur’, Kusumãñjali: Shri Šivarãmamûrti Commemoration Volume, Vol. II, Delhi, 1987.
Nau-Bahãr-i-Murshid Quli Khãni by Ãzãd-al-Husaini, translated into English by Jadu-Nath Sarkar and included in his Bengal Nawãbs, Calcutta Reprint, 1985.
Nayeem, Muhammad Abul, Prehistory and Protohistory of the Arabian Peninsula, Vol. I, Saudi Arabia, Hyderabad (India), 1990.[70] [archive]
Nãzim, Muhammad, The Life and Times of Sultãn Mahmûd of Ghazna, second edition, New Delhi, 1971.[71] [archive]
Nundo Lal Day, The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval India, third edition, New Delhi, 1971.[72] [archive]
Price, Major David, Mahommedan History, Vol. I, New Delhi Reprint, 1984.[73] [archive][74] [archive]
Priolkar, A.K., The Goa Inquisition, New Delhi Reprint, 1991.
Rahman, Abdur, The Last Two Dynasties of the Shãhîs, Delhi Reprint, 1988.
The Rauzat-us-Safa or, Garden of Purity, by Muhammad Khãvendshãh bin Mahmûd, translated into English by E. Rehatsek, 3 Volumes in 5 parts, Delhi Reprint, 1982.[75] [archive]
The Rehalã of Ibn Battûta, translated into English by Mahdi Husain, Baroda, 1976.
Riyazu-s-Salatin of Ghulam Hussain Salim, translated into English by Abdus Salam, Delhi Reprint, 1976.[76] [archive][77] [archive]
Rosen, Steven, Archaeology and the Vaishnava Traditions: The Pre-Christian Roots of Krishna-Worship. Calcutta. 1989.
Sale, George, The Koran or Alcoran of Mohammed, London, n.d. [78] [archive]
Sarkar, Jadu Nath, History of Aurangzeb Volume I and II, Calcutta, 1973 Impression Volume III, Calcutta, 1972 Impression
Sarkar, Jadu Nath, Bengal Nawabs, Calcutta Reprint, 1985.[79] [archive]
Sarkar, Jagdish Narayan, The Art of War in Medieval India, New Delhi, 1964.
Shahjahan Nama of ‘Inayat Khan, translated by A.R. Fuller and edited and compiled by W.E. Beyley and Z.A. Desai, OUP, Delhi, 1990.[80] [archive]
Sharif, M.M. (ed.), A History of Muslim Philosophy, Vol. I, Lahore, 1961.[81] [archive] [82] [archive][83] [archive]
Sharma, R.C., ‘New Inscriptions from Mathurã’ in Mathurã: The Cultural Heritage, edited by Doris Meth Sriniwasan, New Delhi, 1989.
Sharma, R.C., Buddhist Art of Mathurã, Delhi, 1984.[84] [archive]
Sharma, Sri Ram, Religious Policy of the Mughal Emperors, Bombay, 1962.
The Tabqãt-i-Akbarî of Khwãjah Nizãmuddîn Ahmad, translated into English by Brajendranath De, Vol. I, Calcutta Reprint, 1973.[85] [archive][86] [archive]
Tabqãt-i-Nãsirî of Maulãnã Minhãj-ud-Dîn, Abû ‘Umar-i-‘Usmãn, translated from original Persian manuscripts by Major H.G. Raverty, Vol. I, New Delhi Reprint, 1971.[87] [archive][88] [archive][89] [archive]
Tãrîkh-i-Firishta, translated into English by John Briggs under the title History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India, 4 Volumes, New Delhi Reprint, 1981.[90] [archive][91] [archive][92] [archive][93] [archive]
Thapar, Romila, ‘The Early History of Mathurã, upto and including the Mauryan period’ in Mathurã: The Cultural Heritage, edited by Doris Meth Sriniwasan, New Delhi, 1989.
Thapar, Romila, Cultural Transaction and Early India: Tradition and Patronage, OUP, Delhi, 1987.
The Tûzuk-i-Jahangîrî or Memoirs of Jahãngir, translated by Alexander Roger, edited by Henry Beveridge, third edition, New Delhi, 1978.[94] [archive][95] [archive][96] [archive] [97] [archive][98] [archive][99] [archive][100] [archive]
Tûzuk-i-Jahangîrî, translated into English by Major David Price, Calcutta, 1906.[101] [archive][102] [archive]
Wink, Andre, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. I, OUP, 1990.
Zafar ul Wãlih Bi Muzaffar Wa Ãlihi, An Arabic history of Gujarat by Abdullãh Muhammad Al-Makki Al-Asafi Al-Ulughkhãni Hajji Ad-Dabir, translated by M.F. Lokhandwala, 2 Volumes, Baroda, 1970 and 1974.[103] [archive] [104] [archive]
Zimmer, Heinrich, Art of Indian Asia, 2 Volumes, Paperback edition, Princeton, 1983.[105] [archive][106] [archive][107] [archive]
Zwemer, S.M., The Influence of Animism in Islam, New York, 1920.
See also
- Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent
- Persecution of Hindus
- Anti-Hindu
- Muslim League Attack on Sikhs and Hindus in the Punjab 1947
- Conversion of non-Muslim places of worship into mosques
- The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period (Book)
References
- ↑ Goel, Sita Ram, "How I became a Hindu", Chapter 9
- ↑ "Ayodhya and After - Chapter 12 - Book Banning" [archive]. Koenraadelst.voiceofdharma.com. Archived from the original [archive] on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (help) - ↑ "Negationism In India - Chapter Three - Exposing And Refuting Negationism" [archive]. Koenraadelst.voiceofdharma.com. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
- ↑ "Ban this Book" [archive]. Voiceofdharma.com. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
- ↑ Cynthia Talbot. Inscribing the Other,Inscribing the Self:Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-Colonial India. Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol.37, No.4 (Oct. 1995).
- ↑ Cynthia Talbot. Inscribing the Other,Inscribing the Self:Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-Colonial India. Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol.37,No.4 (Oct. 1995).
- ↑ Manini Chatterjee, review in the Calcutta Telegraph (ca. 30-1-1991). Koenraad Elst Who is a Hindu? (2001)
- ↑ Richard Eaton: "Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states", Essays on Islam and Indian History. Chapter Six
- ↑ Richard Eaton: "Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states", Essays on Islam and Indian History. Chapter Six
- ↑ Richard Eaton: "Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states", Essays on Islam and Indian History. Chapter Six
- ↑ Review by Vimal Yogi Tiwari in the Pioneer. Elst, Koenraad, Ayodhya and After: Issues Before Hindu Society (1991)
- ↑ Appendix 4 of "Hindu Temples – What Happened to Them"
- ↑ Romila Thapar et al.: Communalism in the Waiting of Indian History, People's Publishing House, Delhi 1987 (1969), pp. 15–16, and repeated in her letter to Mr. Manish Tayal (UK), 7-2-1999, concerning Arun Shourie: Eminent Historians, ASA, Delhi 1998. Manish Tayal: "Romila Thapar's reply to 'Eminent Historians'", 16-2-1999. "Koenraad Elst Who is a Hindu? (2001)
- ↑ Goel, Sita Ram, "How I became a Hindu", Chapter 9
- ↑ Cynthia Talbot. Inscribing the Other,Inscribing the Self:Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-Colonial India. Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol.37,No.4 (Oct. 1995).
- ↑ Cynthia Talbot. Inscribing the Other,Inscribing the Self:Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-Colonial India. Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol.37,No.4 (Oct. 1995).
- ↑ Goel, Sita Ram, "How I became a Hindu", Chapter 9
External links
- Online version:
- Comments on the book [archive]
- Comments [archive]
- Destruction of Hindu temples by the Portuguese [archive]
- List of destroyed temples [archive]
- [108] [archive]
- https://web.archive.org/web/20190214060230/http://arunshourie.bharatvani.org/print/19890205.htm [archive] Hideaway Communalism
Wikipedia bias and censorship
A handful of the usual suspects (User Hornplease [archive] and others) have been censoring or defaming this bio article and related articles.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=780769695&oldid=775706262 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=692798350&oldid=676188819 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=996732018&oldid=996727788 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=next&oldid=141089898 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=139968207&oldid=138933641 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=126089165&oldid=126040094 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=96718740&oldid=96096431 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=96076295&oldid=87312177 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=140832112&oldid=140810038 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=142260835&oldid=142259151 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=149319067&oldid=149317342 [archive]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Temples:_What_Happened_to_Them&diff=153358635&oldid=153316972 [archive]
- https://www.opindia.com/2022/05/sita-ram-goel-book-list-of-mosques-dargahs-built-over-hindu-jain-buddhist-temples-india/ [archive]
- CS1 errors: unsupported parameter
- Books with missing cover
- No local image but image on Wikidata
- 1990 books
- History books about Hinduism
- Books by Sita Ram Goel
- Hinduism studies books
- Hindu temples
- Books critical of Islam
- Anti-Hinduism
- Hinduism-related controversies
- Hinduism and Islam
- Books about Ayodhya
- Books about Iconoclasm in the Indian subcontinent
- Books about Islamic Iconoclasm