Hindu Temples: What Happened to Them

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Hindu Temples – What Happened to Them
AuthorSita Ram Goel
Arun Shourie
Harsh Narain
Jay Dubashi
Ram Swarup
CountryIndia
LanguageEnglish
SubjectHinduism
GenreNon-fiction
Publication date
1991
ISBN81-85990-49-2 (Volume 1)
ISBN 81-85990-03-4 (Volume 2)
OCLC41002522 [archive]
LC ClassDS422.C64 H562 1998

Hindu Temples – What Happened to Them is a two-volume book by Sita Ram Goel, Arun Shourie, Harsh Narain, Jay Dubashi and Ram Swarup. The first volume was published in the Spring of 1990.

The first volume includes a list of 2,000 mosques that were built on Hindu temples, based primarily on the books of Muslim historians of the period or inscriptions found on mosques. The second volume excerpts from medieval histories and chronicles and from inscriptions concerning the destruction of Hindu, Jain and Buddhist temples. The authors claim that the material presented in the book as "the tip of an iceberg".

The book contains chapters about the Ayodhya debate. The appendix of the first volume contains a list of temple-destructions and atrocities that the authors claim took place in Bangladesh in 1989. The book also criticizes Marxist historians, and one of the appendices of the second volume includes a questionnaire for "Marxist professors", one of which the authors sent to well-known Indian historian Romila Thapar.

In August 1990, while releasing the book "Hindu Temples – What Happened To Them", Bharatiya Janta Party leader L. K. Advani chided Goel for using "strong language".[1] There were proposals in November 1990 in Uttar Pradesh to ban the book.[2]

Reviews

Koenraad Elst's book Negationism in India – Concealing the Record of Islam contains a lengthy review of the book. Koenraad Elst claimed that "None of the negationist historians has come forward with a reply or with the announcement that a mistake has been discovered in Mr. Goel's list of monuments of Islamic fanaticism. Manini Chatterjee, reviewer for The Telegraph, could do no more than calling it a "very bad book".[3] And Elst further claimed: "Of the hundreds of secularist historians who have signed statements denouncing "communal history distortion", not a single one has been able to challenge even one of the 2000 claims in the list."[4]

Koenraad Elst claimed that "None of the negationist historians has come forward with a reply or with the announcement that a mistake has been discovered in Mr. Goel's list of monuments of Islamic fanaticism. Manini Chatterjee, reviewer for The Telegraph, could do no more than calling it a "very bad book". Very bad for the negationists, indeed." [1] [archive] And Elst further claimed: "Of the hundreds of secularist historians who have signed statements denouncing "communal history distortion", not a single one has been able to challenge even one of the 2000 claims in the list." [2] [archive]

Cynthia Talbot in 1995 claimed that Goel's list of destroyed temples is "greatly inflated", but also called for a systematic and unbiased study of the subject, without which it is very difficult to gauge the extent of damage wrought on Indian temples.[5] Cynthia Talbot noted that in the decades after 1565, temple desecration were on the rise in Andhra Pradesh, which is in accord with the dates of temple destructed provided by Goel's list (in Goel's chapter "Let the Mute Witness speak"). Reflecting on Goel's list, Talbot states: "Five date from the fourteenth century (phase one), six come from phase two, and nineteen date from 1565 to 1650 CE (phase three). The remaining thirty or so cases stem from the century after 1650, with a notable bunching of incidents in the late 1600s, when the Mughal empire was absorbing the former Qutb Shahi kingdom of Golconda."[6]

Manini Chatterjee, in a review in the Calcutta Telegraph, called Goel's book a "very bad book".[7] Richard Eaton also criticized the book.[8] Eaton discussed one of the cases in Goel's list of destroyed temples: "an inscription dated 1455, found over the doorway of a tomb-shrine in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh" which mentions "the destruction of a Hindu temple by one Abdullah Shah Changal during the reign of Bhoja, a renowned Paramara king who had ruled over the region from 1010 to 1053". Eaton says that the inscription is "hardly contemporary" and "presents a richly textured legend elaborated over many generations of oral transmission until 1455". He acknowledges that "Goel does, however, consider it more likely that the event took place during the reign of Raja Bhoja II in the late thirteenth century rather than during that of Raja Bhoja I in the eleventh century." Richard Eaton thinks that "we cannot know with certainty" if the temple destruction did take place, which substantiates Elst's charge of negationism against certain scholars.[9] Eaton also claimed that Goel has used "selective translations of premodem Persian chronicles, together with a selective use of epigraphic data".[10] According to Vimal Yogi Tiwari, such an historical assessment as in Goel's book "Hindu Temples" has by and large been missing in India.[11]

Goel's book also includes an exchange of comments between Romila Thapar and Goel.[12] Romila Thapar has criticized Goel, claiming that he does not understand how to use historical sources, without actually refuting any of the facts presented by Goel.[13]

In August 1990 while releasing the book "Hindu Temples - What Happened To Them", Bharatiya Janta Party leader L. K. Advani chided Goel for using strong language.[14] Cynthia Talbot believes that Goel's list of destroyed temples is "greatly inflated", but also calls for a systematic and unbiased study of the subject, without which it is very difficult to gauge the extent of damage wrought on Indian temples. [15] Cynthia Talbot noted that in the decades after 1565 temple desecration were on the rise in Andhra Pradesh, which is in accord with the dates in Goel's list of temple destructions (in Goel's chapter "Let the Mute Witness speak"). Reflecting on Goel's list, she says: "Five date from the fourteenth century (phase one), six come from phase two, and nineteen date from 1565 to 1650 CE (phase three). The remaining thirty or so cases stem from the century after 1650, with a notable bunching of incidents in the late 1600s, when the Mughal empire was absorbing the former Qutb Shahi Kingdom of Golkonda."[16]

Koenraad Elst's book Negationism in India - Concealing the Record of Islam contains a lengthy review of the book. Koenraad Elst wrote on this book that "None of the negationist historians has come forward with a reply or with the announcement that a mistake has been discovered in Mr. Goel's list of monuments of Islamic fanaticism. Manini Chatterjee, reviewer for The Telegraph, could do no more than calling it a "very bad book". Very bad for the negationists, indeed." [3] [archive]

Koenraad Elst has also claimed: "Of the hundreds of secularist historians who have signed statements denouncing "communal history distortion", not a single one has been able to challenge even one of the 2000 claims in the list." [4] [archive]

In August 1990 while releasing the book "Hindu Temples - What Happened To Them", Bharatiya Janta Party leader L. K. Advani chided Goel for using strong language.[17] There were proposals in November 1990 in Uttar Pradesh to ban the book. [5] [archive].

Contents Volume 1

  • Contents
  • Second Preface
  • First Preface
I
  • 1. Hideaway Communalism
  • 2. The Tip of An Iceberg
  • 3. Some Historical Questions
  • 4. In the Name of Religion
  • 5. A Need to Face the Truth
  • 6. Let the Mute Witnesses Speak
  • 7. Destruction of temples in Bangladesh
II
  • 8. Rama-Janmabhumi Temple Muslim Testimony
  • 9. Ram Janmabhoomi : some more evidence
  • 10. The Ayodhya debate
  • 11. Summary of the Ram Janmabhoomi evidence
  • 12. Takeover from the experts
  • 13. Not impartial (B.B. Lal)
III
  • 14. In the name of history
  • 15. Visakha, Saketa or Ajudhya (Alexander Cunnigham)
  • 16. Party line history writing
  • 17. Historians Versus History
  • 18. History of India putting the record straight
  • 19. What the invaders really did
  • November 9 Will Change History
  • From Shilanyas to Berlin Wall
  • Appendix
  • The VHP evidence bundle, its rebuttal of the BMAC argumentation, a press brief, and some articles generally supporting the VHP viewpoint, have been published as History versus Casuistry, Evidence of the Ramajanmabhoomi Mandir presented by the Vishva Hindu Parishad to the Government of India in December-January 1990-91, Voice of India, Delhi 199 1. Most of it was also included in Sita Ram Goel: Hindu Temples, vol. 1, at least in its 2nd edition, Voice of India, Delhi 1998. The BMAC evidence bundle has not been published. elst Ayodhya: The Case Against the Temple,chapter 11

Contents Volume 2

  • Preface
  • Section I
  • THE TIP OF AN ICEBERG
  • Section II
  • SUPPRESSIO VERI SUGGESTIO FAWI
    • 4. The Marxist Historians
    • 5. Spreading the Big Lie
  • Section III
  • FROM THE HORSE’S MOUTH
    • 6. The Epigraphic Evidence
    • 7. The Literary Evidence
    • 8. Summing up
  • Section IV
  • ISLAMIC THEOLOGY OF ICONOCLASM
    • 9. Theology of Monotheism
    • 10. The Pre-Islamic Arabs
    • 11. Religion of Pagan Arabia
    • 12. Monotheism Spreads to Arabia
    • 13. Meaning of Monotheism
    • 14. The Bible Appears in Arabic
    • 15. Muhammad and the Meccans
    • 16. The Prophet Destroys Pagan Temples
  • Section V
  • APPENDICES
    • 1. Muslim Dynasties in India’s History
    • 2. Was the Ka‘ba a Šiva Temple?
    • 3. Meaning of the Word “Hindu”
    • 4. Questionnaire for the Marxist Professors 408
  • Bibliography

6. The Epigraphic Evidence

[6] [archive]

1. Delhi

2. Vijapur

3. Chittaurgarh

4. Manvi

5. Dhar

6. Malan

7. Amod

8. Narwar

9. Jaunpur

10. Ghoda

11. Poonamalle

12. Udayagiri

13. Bodhan

14. Mathura

15. Gwalior

16. Akot

17. Bidar

18. Siruguppa

19. Cuddapah

20. Surat

21. Cumbum

7. The Literary Evidence

1 Futûhu’l-Buldãn Al-Baladhuri

2 Tãrîkh-i-Tabarî Al-Tabari

3 Al-Biruni Tãrîkhu'l-Hind

4 Kitãbu’l-Yamînî

5 Dîwãn-i-Salmãn

6 Chach-Nãmah

7 Jãmiu’l-Hikãyãt

8 Tãju’l-Ma’sîr

9 Kãmilu’t-Tawãrîkh

10 Tãrîkh-i-Jahãn-Kushã

11 Tabqãt-i-Nãsirî

12 Ãsãru’l-Bilãd

13 Nizãmu’t-Tawãrîkh

14 Miftãhu'l-Futûh

15 Khazãinu’l-Futûh

16 Dawal Rãnî-Khizr Khãnî

17 Nuh Siphir

18 Siyaru’l-Auliyã‘ (Moinuddin Chishti)

19 Tãrîkh-i-Wassãf

20 Tãrîkh-i-Guzîda

21 Masãlik’ul Absãr fi Mamãlik’ul Amsãr

22 Futûhu’s-Salãtîn

23 Rehalã of Ibn Battûta

24 Tãrîkh-i-Fîrûz Shãhî

25 Tãrîkh-i-Fîrûz Shãhî

26 Inshã-i-Mãhrû

27 Futûhãt-i-Fîrûz Shãhî

28 Sîrat-Fîrûz Shãhî

29 Tãrîkh-i-Mubãrak Shãhî

30 Tãrîkh-i-Muhammadî

31 Jawamiu’l Kilãm

32 Habîbu’s-Siyar

33 Bãbur-Nãma

34 Siyaru’l-‘Ãrifîn

35 Tãrîkh-i-Shãhî

36 Tãrîkh-i-Sher Shãhî

37 Wãqi‘ãt-i-Mushtãqî

38 Tãrîkh-i-Alfî

39 Burhãn-i-Ma‘sir

40 Tabqãt-i-Akharî

41 Muntakhãbu’t-Tawãrîkh

42 Shash Fath-i-Kãñgrã

43 Tãrîkh-i-Da‘ûdî

44 Zafaru’l-Wãlih Bi Muzaffar Wa Ãlîhi

45 Zubdatu’t-Tawãrîkh

46 Tãrîkh-i-Firishta

47 Tûzuk-i-Jahãngîrî

48 Tãrîkh-i-Khãn Jahãn Lodî

49 Mir‘ãt-i-Sikandarî

50 Intikhãb-i-Jahãngîr Shãbî

51 Tazkirãtu’I-Mulûk

52 Tarikh-i-Kashmir

53 Mir‘ãt-i-Mas‘ûdî

54 Siyar al-Aqtãb

55 Bãdshãh-Nãma

56 Shãhjahãn-Nãma

57 Mir‘ãt-i-‘Ãlam

58 ‘Ãlamgîr-Nãma

59 Mã‘sîr-i-‘Ãlamgîrî

60 Akhbãrãt

61 Fathiyya-i-‘Ibriyya

62 Kalimãt-i-Tayyibãt

63 Ganj-i-Arshadî

64 Kalimãt-i-Aurangzeb

65 Muraq‘ãt-i-Abu’I Hasan

66 Futûhãt-i-‘Ãlamgîrî

67 Nau-Bahãr-i-Murshid Qulî-Khãnî

68 Kanzu’l-Mahfûz

69 Muntikhãbu’l-Lubãb

70 Mir’at-i-Ahmadî

71 Tãrîkh-i-Ibrãhîm Khãn

72 Tãrîkh-i-Husain Shãhî

73 Nishãn-i-Haidarî

74 Riyãzu’s-Salãtîn

75 Bahãr-i‘Ãzam

76 Ãsãru’s-Sanãdîd

77 Hadiqah-i-Shuhadã

78 Muraqqa‘-i-Khusrawî

79 Wãqi‘ãt-i-Mamalakat-i-Bîjãpur

80 Mosque Architecture of Pre-Mughal Bengal

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See also

References

  1. Goel, Sita Ram, "How I became a Hindu", Chapter 9
  2. "Ayodhya and After - Chapter 12 - Book Banning" [archive]. Koenraadelst.voiceofdharma.com. Archived from the original [archive] on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2013-03-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  3. "Negationism In India - Chapter Three - Exposing And Refuting Negationism" [archive]. Koenraadelst.voiceofdharma.com. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
  4. "Ban this Book" [archive]. Voiceofdharma.com. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
  5. Cynthia Talbot. Inscribing the Other,Inscribing the Self:Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-Colonial India. Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol.37, No.4 (Oct. 1995).
  6. Cynthia Talbot. Inscribing the Other,Inscribing the Self:Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-Colonial India. Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol.37,No.4 (Oct. 1995).
  7. Manini Chatterjee, review in the Calcutta Telegraph (ca. 30-1-1991). Koenraad Elst Who is a Hindu? (2001)
  8. Richard Eaton: "Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states", Essays on Islam and Indian History. Chapter Six
  9. Richard Eaton: "Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states", Essays on Islam and Indian History. Chapter Six
  10. Richard Eaton: "Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states", Essays on Islam and Indian History. Chapter Six
  11. Review by Vimal Yogi Tiwari in the Pioneer. Elst, Koenraad, Ayodhya and After: Issues Before Hindu Society (1991)
  12. Appendix 4 of "Hindu Temples – What Happened to Them"
  13. Romila Thapar et al.: Communalism in the Waiting of Indian History, People's Publishing House, Delhi 1987 (1969), pp. 15–16, and repeated in her letter to Mr. Manish Tayal (UK), 7-2-1999, concerning Arun Shourie: Eminent Historians, ASA, Delhi 1998. Manish Tayal: "Romila Thapar's reply to 'Eminent Historians'", 16-2-1999. "Koenraad Elst Who is a Hindu? (2001)
  14. Goel, Sita Ram, "How I became a Hindu", Chapter 9
  15. Cynthia Talbot. Inscribing the Other,Inscribing the Self:Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-Colonial India. Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol.37,No.4 (Oct. 1995).
  16. Cynthia Talbot. Inscribing the Other,Inscribing the Self:Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-Colonial India. Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol.37,No.4 (Oct. 1995).
  17. Goel, Sita Ram, "How I became a Hindu", Chapter 9

External links

  • Online version:
---Volume 1 [archive] First Edition (There is also a second revised and enlarged edition.[1] The online version is the first edition.)
---Volume 2 [archive] Second Enlarged Edition

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